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BY DESCRIPTOR | Context
clues
Nagy, W. E., Anderson, R. C., & Herman, P. A. (1985) Learning words from context. Reading Research Quarterly, 20 (2), p.233-253. | Incidental learning, vocabulary, context clues | Middle School (6-8) | Quantitative Research | view modified research article review in pdf format
Nagy, W., Anderson, R., & Hermon, P. (1987). Learning word meanings from context during normal reading. American Educational Research Journal, 24 (2), 237-270. | Context clues, expository text, narrative, schema | Lower Elementary (1-3), Middle School (6-8), High School (9-12)| Quantitative Research | view modified research article review in pdf format
Schwartz, R.M. & Stanovich, K.E., (1981). Flexibility in the use of graphic and contextual information by good and poor readers. Journal of Reading Behavior, 13 (3), 263-269. | Word recognition (add), context clues, graphophonics | Lower Elementary (1-3), Upper Elementary (4-5) | Quantitative Research| view modified research article review in pdf format.