GCRL Glossary

Biomarker — a specific physical trait used to measure or indicate the effects or progress of a disease or condition: Biomarkers of aging include thinning of the hair and diminished elasticity of the skin

Diurnal hypoxia — natural cycling between hypoxic and normoxic  conditions in aquatic environments

epidemiology — the study of the spread of diseases within and between populations

gram-negative — a bacterial classification based on cell wall characteristics; gram-negative bacteria do not retain violet stain used in Gram’s stain

Hypoxia — deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching bodily tissues

icosahedral — a polyhedron having 20 equal sides or faces

Ischemia — a decrease in the blood supply to a bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels

kb — kilobase or unit of length of DNA fragments that is equal to 1000 nucleotides or bases

Microarray — a device to detect changes in expression of hundreds to thousands of genes simultaneously

nm — nanometer or 10^-9 of a meter

non-culturable — unable to grow in laboratory based on traditional bacteriological methods

pathogenesis — the production of damage or pathology in tissue

Phenotypic — refers to expressed traits or characteristics of an organism

pleomorphic — the occurrence of two or more different forms of an organism

Proteomics — term in the study of genetics which refers to all the proteins expressed by a genome

Reperfusion — the restoration of blood flow to an organ or tissue that has had its blood supply cut off, as after a heart attack

Teleost — of or belonging to the Teleostei or Teleostomi, a large group of fishes with bony skeletons, including most common fishes. The teleosts are distinct from the cartilaginous fishes such as sharks, rays, and skates