Lesson Plan

Summer Institute I - "Slavery, The Civil War, and Reconstruction"

Mr. George Levy
Madison County School System

DOCUMENT/S FROM THE MISSISSIPPI STATE ARCHIVES USED IN THIS LESSON:

GANGRENE AND GLORY: MEDICAL CARE DURING THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, Frank R. Freemon (Photographs)
MEDICINE IN THE CONFEDERACY, Harris D. Riley (Photographs)

HOW TO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS IN THE ARCHIVES:

GANGRENE AND GLORY
Archival Research Room: 973.775 F855g
Medicine in the Confederacy
Archival Research Room: ARRG 973.775 R45m
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GRADE LEVEL/LEVELS FOR WHICH LESSON COULD BE USED:
8th Grade, 55 minutes class.
Time required: Three class periods.

SUBJECT/SUBJECTS FOR WHICH LESSON COULD BE USED:
U. S. History and World History

MISSISSIPPI CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK COMPETENCY/
COMPETENCIES
3. Evaluate the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on the United States.(C, H, G, E)

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS FOR THIS LESSON:

How does historical evidence explain:

the medical conditions on the battlefront during the Civil War?
the short- and long-term effects of the war on both soldiers and the civilian population of the North and South?
in what ways would a war today be even more deadly?

HISTORICAL CONTENT OF YOUR LESSON

People: Private Walter Wheeler, Corporal Ansell H. Beam, Private Pembroke Scott, Private Denis Sullivan, Reverend Winslow, Milton E. Wallen, Surgeon-General Barnes

Events: Civil War battles and aftermath

Places: Gettysburg Battlefield, Antietam Battleground

Key terms, dates, etc.: surgeon's kit, field hospital, September 17, 1862 and June 30, 1863

HISTORICAL CONCEPTS/ THEMES FOR THIS LESSON:

Human interaction with the environment
Conflict and cooperation
Comparative history of major developments in the past

HISTORICAL SKILLS/PROCESSES TO BE TAUGHT OR REINFORCED IN THIS LESSON:

Focus on one or more historical skills in each lesson plan.

Analyze visual sources such as photographs and artwork
Developing empathy for people in the past;
Explaining cause and effect;
Evaluating primary sources from Internet sources.

INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

Step 1. State the objective: The student will analyze civil war medical photographs and artwork.

Step 2. Teacher will group students into groups of two or more and hand each group a civil war photo or artwork to analyze describe and discuss.

Step 3. Each group will be given ten minutes to analyze and discuss the photo or artwork.
Step 4. Each group will then choose a presenter to explain their evaluation of their photo or artwork to the class. (Each presentation will should take no more than five minutes)

Step 5. After presentations each student will be required to write a one- page essay describing their understanding of civil war medicine using the photos and artworks as their source of reference.

Step 6. Students will prepare visual displays (posters) that highlight the most important points to be gained from the primary sources as they relate to the essays.

Rubrics

points for group work
points for essay
40 points for visual display

TEACHER RESOURCES USED IN THE LESSON

WEB SITES USED FOR THIS LESSON: (OPTIONAL)

These sites provide documents, lesson plans, time lines, and/or handouts:

Our Documents
Go to Teacher's Toolbox and go to "Integrating Our Documents into the Classroom." This site also provides a teacher source book as well as information about National History Day in the classroom.
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/

The Library of Congress Learning Page
Check out "Using Primary Sources in the Classroom." Also, there are several excellent lesson plans on the Civil War and Reconstruction for various grade levels, including "The Civil War Through a Child's Eyes."
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/index.html

National History Day
Click on "Educators" and then "Links" for museums, archives, universities, and countless other sources for primary sources. You can also download the Contest Guide (the rule book with the judges' scoring rubric,) a Web cast of the June 2003 awards ceremony, tips for using History Day in the classroom, and more! You will find "A Research Roadmap" especially useful in helping your kids get started with History Day.
http://www.nationalhistoryday.org

U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Digital Classroom
Go to Teaching with Documents and Teaching with Documents Lesson Plans, which include "The Amistad Case," "Lincoln's Spot Resolutions, " and other excellent plans on slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction.
You will also find "Building a School Archives," "History in the Raw,"and the "Document Analysis Worksheet" to be useful, especially in preparing students for History Day research.
http://www.archives.gov/

Eyewitness Home Page
First-hand accounts include "The Battle of Gettysburg," "Carnage at Antietam," "Lincoln Enters Richmond, 1865," "Battlefield Tragedy, 1862," "The Death of John Wilkes Booth," "Lee's Retreat from Gettysburg, 1863," "Aboard a Slave Ship, 1829," and "The Trial of Andrew Johnson, 1868."
http://www.ibiscom.com/cwfrm.htm

Gilder Lehrman History Online
A very nice site! Especially recommended sections are "Hollywood's America: Slavery in American Film," "Annotated Documents: African American Voices," "Interactive Timelines," and "Great Debates" (includes debates on the origins of American slavery, whether slavery was the cause of American economic growth, and whether Andrew Johnson should have been impeached.)
Teacher created classroom-tested lesson plans and handouts include "Women in the Civil War."
http://www.gliah.uh.edu/historyonline

North American Slave Narratives: Collection of Electronic Texts
A part of the Documenting the American South Web site, this is an
extensive collection of memoirs and other nineteenth century publications concerning slavery.
http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/texts.html

The History Place Presents Abraham Lincoln
This site has a very detailed timeline of Lincoln's life and career, photos, and documents, including Lincoln's last speech and letters to Generals Hooker, Meade, and Grant.
http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/index.html

EDSITEment
Go to History/Social Studies for plans such as "Evaluating Eyewitness Reports," "More Amazing Americans: A Web Quest," "I've Just Seen a Face: Portraits," "Attitudes Towards Emancipation," "Eve of the Civil War: Factory vs. Plantation," "Families in Bondage," "Spirituals," "Images at War," "Lincoln Goes to War," "Walt Whitmans's Notebooks and Poetry: The Sweep of the Universe," "What Portraits Reveal," "We Must Not Be Enemies: Lincoln's First Inaugural Address," "The Red Badge of Courage: A New Kind of Courage," "African-American Communities in the North Before the Civil War," "After the American Revolution: Free African-Americans," and "Who Was Cinque?"
http://www.edsitement.neh.gov/

BOOKS, PERIODICALS, ARTICLES, HANDOUTS, ETC. USED FOR TEACHER'S BACKGROUND READING OR REFERENCES:

Book: Little Women by Louisa May Alcott
Hospital Sketches Letters written by Louisa May Alcott

STUDENT RESOURCES:

Some suggested Web sites for students:

The Library of Congress Learning Page
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/index.html

Africans in America
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/

National History Day
http://nationalhistoryday.org

Our Documents
www.ourdocuments.gov

The History Place Presents Abraham Lincoln
http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/index.html

WEB SITES/TECHNOLOGY USED BY STUDENTS FOR THIS LESSON

http://militaryhistoryonline.com/gettysburg/photos/p15015.jpg
http://members.aol.com/mjarl/civwar/cas.html

BOOKS/PERIODICALS FOR CLASSROOM READING/ENRICHMENT (OPTIONAL)

Some suggestions:

Escape from Slavery: The Boyhood of Frederick Douglass in His Own Words
Joy Hakim, Liberty for All
Virginia Hamilton, Many Thousands Gone: African-Americans from Slavery to Freedom
Pat and Patricia McKissak, A Picture of Freedom: The Diary of Clotee, A Slave Girl, Belmont Plantation, 1859
Joy Hakim, War, Terrible War
Kay Moore, If You Lived at the Time of the Civil War
Irene Hunt, Across Five Aprils
Stephen Crane, Red Badge of Courage
Jim Murphy, The Boys' War: Confederate and Union Soldiers Talk About the Civil War
James McPherson, Fields of Fury: The American Civil War
Joy Hakim, Reconstruction and Reform
Zak Mettger, Reconstruction: American After the Civil War (Young Readers' History of the Civil War